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Stud Mycol 64(1): 85-1025 2009
DOI: 10.3114/sim.2009.64.04
Copyright © 2009 CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre
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Multi-locus phylogeny of Pleosporales: a taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary re-evaluation

Y. Zhang1, C.L. Schoch2, J. Fournier3, P.W. Crous4, J. de Gruyter4,5, J.H.C. Woudenberg4, K. Hirayama6, K. Tanaka6, S.B. Pointing1, J.W. Spatafora7 and K.D. Hyde8,9,*

1 Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
2 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.
3 Las Muros, Rimont, Ariège, F 09420, France
4 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
5 Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands
6 Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
7 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 93133, U.S.A.
8 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
9 International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China 650034

* Correspondence: Kevin D. Hyde, kdhyde2{at}gmail.com

Five loci, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, are used for analysing 129 pleosporalean taxa representing 59 genera and 15 families in the current classification of Pleosporales. The suborder Pleosporineae is emended to include four families, viz. Didymellaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae and Pleosporaceae. In addition, two new families are introduced, i.e. Amniculicolaceae and Lentitheciaceae. Pleomassariaceae is treated as a synonym of Melanommataceae, and new circumscriptions of Lophiostomataceae s. str., Massarinaceae and Lophiotrema are proposed. Familial positions of Entodesmium and Setomelanomma in Phaeosphaeriaceae, Neophaeosphaeria in Leptosphaeriaceae, Leptosphaerulina, Macroventuria and Platychora in Didymellaceae, Pleomassaria in Melanommataceae and Bimuria, Didymocrea, Karstenula and Paraphaeosphaeria in Montagnulaceae are clarified. Both ecological and morphological characters show varying degrees of phylogenetic significance. Pleosporales is most likely derived from a saprobic ancestor with fissitunicate asci containing conspicuous ocular chambers and apical rings. Nutritional shifts in Pleosporales likely occured from saprotrophic to hemibiotrophic or biotrophic.

Taxonomic novelties: Amniculicolaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde, fam. nov., Kalmusia brevispora (Nagas. & Y. Otani) Yin. Zhang, Kaz. Tanaka & C.L. Schoch, comb. nov., Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde, fam. nov., Lophiotrema neoarundinaria (Ellis & Everh.) Yin. Zhang, Kaz. Tanaka & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov., Lophiotrema rubi (Fuckel) Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov., Murispora rubicunda (Niessl) Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov., Murispora Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov., Neomassariosphaeria grandispora (Sacc.) Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov., Neomassariosphaeria typhicola (P. Karst.) Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov., Neomassariosphaeria Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, gen. nov.

Keywords Environmental habit / evolution / molecular phylogeny / nutritional mode / taxonomy




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