SIM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Stud Mycol 56(1): 67-133 2006
DOI: 10.3114/sim.2006.56.03
Copyright © 2006 CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre
This Article
Free via Open Access: OA
Right arrow OA Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Samuels, G. J.
Right arrow Articles by Druzhinina, I. S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Samuels, G. J.
Right arrow Articles by Druzhinina, I. S.

You are free to share–to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions:

Attribution:  You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).

Non-commercial:  You may not use this work for commercial purposes.

No derivative works:  You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.

For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.

The Trichoderma koningii aggregate species

Gary J. Samuels1,*, Sarah L. Dodd2, Bing-Sheng Lu3, Orlando Petrini4, Hans-Josef Schroers5 and Irina S. Druzhinina6

1 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Rm 304, B-011A, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A.
2 The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Buckhout Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A. Current address: New Zialand Institute of Crop and Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
3 The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Buckhout Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A. Current address: Agronomy College, Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai Agrotechnical College, Guangzhou 510225, China
4 Tèra d'Sott 5, CH-6949 Comano, Ticino, Switzerland
5 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. Current address: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
6 Technische Universität Wien, Abteilung für Mikrobielle Biochemie, Institut für Biochemische Technologie und Mikrobiologie, Getreidemarkt 9/172, A-1060 Wien, Austria.

* Correspondence: Gary J. Samuels, Gary{at}nt.ars-grin.gov

The morphological concept of Trichoderma koningii is found to include several species that differ from each other in details of phenotype (including conidium morphology, growth rate) and biogeography. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing partial sequences of the translation-elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), as well as fragments of actin and calmodulin genes, indicate that phenotypic characters typical of T. koningii evolved independently in three well-separated main lineages. Combined molecular and phenotype data lead to the development of a taxonomy with the recognition of twelve taxonomic species and one variety within the three lineages. These lineages include: (1) T. koningii and T. ovalisporum and the new species T. caribbaeum var. caribbaeum, T. caribbaeum var. aequatoriale, T. dorotheae, T. dingleyae, T. intricatum, T. koningiopsis, T. petersenii and T. taiwanense; (2) the new species T. rogersonii and T. austrokoningii, and (3) the new anamorph T. stilbohypoxyli.

Trichoderma koningii s. str. is an uncommon species restricted to Europe and eastern North America; T. caribbaeum var. aequatoriale, T. koningiopsis, and T. ovalisporum were isolated as endophytes of trunks of Theobroma species in tropical America, and T. ovalisporum from the woody liana Banisteropsis caapi in Ecuador; T. koningiopsis is common in tropical America but was isolated also from natural substrata in East Africa, Europe and Canada, and from ascospores in eastern North America, and as an endophyte in Theobroma species; T. stilbohypoxyli, originally described as a parasite of Stilbohypoxylon species in Puerto Rico, is found to be more common in the tropics, besides an endophytic isolate from Fagus in U.K. The additional new species are known almost exclusively from their teleomorphs. Isolates of T. ovalisporum and T. koningiopsis may have biological control potential. A morphophenetic key and a set of tools for molecular species identification were developed.

Taxonomic novelties: Trichoderma austrokoningii/Hypocrea austrokoningii Samuels & Druzhinina sp.nov., T. caribbaeum var caribbaeum/H. caribbaea Samuels & Schroers sp.nov., T. caribbaeum var. aequatoriale Samuels & H.C. Evans var.nov., T. dingleyae/H. dingleyae Samuels & Dodd sp.nov., T. dorotheae/H. dorotheae Samuels & Dodd sp.nov., T. intricatum/H. intricata Samuels & Dodd sp.nov., T. koningiopsis/H. koningiopsis Samuels, C. Suarez & H.C. Evans sp.nov., T. petersenii/H. petersenii Samuels, Dodd & Schroers sp.nov., T. rogersonii/H. rogersonii Samuels sp.nov., T. stilbohypoxyli Samuels & Schroers sp.nov., T. taiwanense/H. taiwanensis Samuels & M.L. Wu sp.nov.

Keywords Actin / barcode / Bayesian phylogeny / local BLAST / biogeography / biological control / cacao / calmodulin / endophytes / GCPSR / Hypocrea / Hypocreales / Hypocreaceae / ISTH / ITS1 and 2 / molecular identification / morphological key / nomenclature / rDNA / RNA polymerase / sequence similarity search / species identification / systematics / translation elongation factor 1-alpha




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
V. Nagy, V. Seidl, G. Szakacs, M. Komon-Zelazowska, C. P. Kubicek, and I. S. Druzhinina
Application of DNA Bar Codes for Screening of Industrially Important Fungi: the Haplotype of Trichoderma harzianum Sensu Stricto Indicates Superior Chitinase Formation
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 1, 2007; 73(21): 7048 - 7058.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 SIMHome page
R. A Samson
EDITORIAL AND REFLECTION
Stud Mycol, January 1, 2007; 57(1): 1 - 3.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 SIMHome page
W. M. Jaklitsch, G. J. Samuels, S. L. Dodd, B.-S. Lu, and I. S. Druzhinina
Hypocrea rufa/Trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia
Stud Mycol, January 1, 2006; 56(1): 135 - 177.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2006 by the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre.