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1 Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Gene Technology and
Applied Biochemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-166.5,
A-1060 Vienna, Austria
2 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,
Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Rm. 304, B-011A, BARC-W,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U. S.A.
3 The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Buckhout
Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A. Current address:
New Zealand Institute of Crop and Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 4704,
Christchurch, New Zealand
4 The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Buckhout
Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A. Current address:
Agronomy College, Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai Agrotechnical
College, Guangzhou 510225, China.
*
Correspondence: Gary J. Samuels,
Gary{at}nt.ars-grin.gov
The type species of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae,
Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi), H. rufa, is re-defined and
epitypified using a combination of phenotype (morphology of teleomorphs and
anamorphs, and characteristics in culture) and phylogenetic analyses of the
translation-elongation factor 1
gene. Its anamorph, T. viride,
the type species of Trichoderma, is re-described and epitypified.
Eidamia viridescens is combined as Trichoderma viridescens
and is recognised as one of the most morphologically and phylogenetically
similar relatives of T. viride. Its teleomorph is newly described as
Hypocrea viridescens. Contrary to frequent citations of H.
rufa and T. viride in the literature, this species is relatively
rare. Although both T. viride and T. viridescens have a wide
geographic distribution, their greatest genetic diversity appears to be in
Europe and North America. Hypocrea vinosa is characterised and its
anamorph, T. vinosum sp. nov., is described. Conidia of T.
vinosum are subglobose and warted. The new species T. gamsii is
proposed. It shares eidamia-like morphology of conidiophores with T.
viridescens, but it has smooth, ellipsoidal conidia that have the longest
L/W ratio that we have seen in Trichoderma. Trichoderma scalesiae, an
endophyte of trunks of Scalesia pedunculata in the Galapagos Islands,
is described as new. It only produces conidia on a low-nutrient agar to which
filter paper has been added. Additional phylogenetically distinct clades are
recognised and provisionally delimited from the species here described.
Trichoderma neokoningii, a T. koningii-like species, is
described from a collection made in Peru on a fruit of Theobroma
cacao infected with Moniliophthora roreri.
Taxonomic novelties: Hypocrea viridescens Jaklitsch & Samuels sp.nov., Trichoderma viridescens (A.S. Horne & H.S. Williamson) Jaklitsch & Samuels comb.nov., T. gamsii Samuels & Druzhinina sp.nov., T. vinosum Samuels sp.nov., T. neokoningii Samuels & Soberanis sp.nov., T. scalesiae Samuels & H.C. Evans sp.nov.
Keywords Bayesian phylogeny / biogeography / biological control / cacao / endophytes / Hypocrea / Hypocreales / Hypocreaceae / molecular identification / morphological key / nomenclature / species identification / systematics / translation elongation factor 1-alpha
This article has been cited by other articles:
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W. M. Jaklitsch, C. P. Kubicek, and I. S. Druzhinina Three European species of Hypocrea with reddish brown stromata and green ascospores Mycologia, September 1, 2008; 100(5): 796 - 815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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